Dilated Cardiomyopathy [121 genes]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease characterized by an increase in ventricular volume (mainly of the left ventricle) associated with wall thinning and deterioration of systolic function. It is one of the main causes of heart failure and heart transplantation, and it presents a high risk of cardiac sudden death. For many years, the cause was thought to be exclusively autoimmune or viral, where endomyocardial biopsy plays an essential role. However, genetic causes are nowadays known to represent 30%-50% of cases.

The prevalence of the disease was estimated to be 1 in 2,500 individuals, although recent studies suggest that it could be much higher.

The genetic test is indicated when there is a suspicion of familial dilated cardiomyopathy:

  • It can identify the causal mutation, which confirms the diagnosis of the disease and constitutes an important tool for differential diagnosis since its presentation frequently overlaps with other cardiomyopathies.
  • Not all mutations in different genes show a similar behavior-they are usually associated with a specific set of symptoms and with a different prognosis. This helps performing the appropriate risk stratification for the disease and foreseeing possible complications.
  • In case a pathogenic mutation is detected, the test can be used with predictive value, constituting the cornerstone of genetic counseling. It is a cost-effective strategy for family monitoring since it allows detecting carriers at risk who must follow appropriate clinical monitoring (given that they are highly likely to develop the disease in the future). Contrarily, non-carriers present the same risk as the general population

The probability of detecting a likely causal mutation of the disease in a patient under suspicion of familial dilated cardiomyopathy is close to 50%. In any case, diagnostic yield depends on multiple variables such as number of relatives affected, clinical suspicion, age, race, origin, etc.

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Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Ref. S-201906391

Dilated Cardiomyopathy: View panel

This panel is indicated as the first diagnostic approach upon clinical suspicion of familial or idiopathic DCM. It is the most complete panel on the market for this pathology, including genes that can also be associated with cardiac conduction diseases and/or muscle alterations, both in clinical and subclinical phase.

It includes priority genes recommended in clinical practice guidelines and clearly associated with this disease. Sporadically associated secondary genes are also included, along with candidate genes gathered from a systematic literature review.

  • ACTC1
  • BAG3
  • DES
  • DMD
  • DSP
  • EMD
  • FLNC
  • LMNA
  • MYBPC3
  • MYH7
  • PKP2
  • PLN
  • RBM20
  • SCN5A
  • TNNC1
  • TNNI3
  • TNNT2
  • TPM1
  • TTN
  • ACTA1
  • ACTN2
  • ALMS1
  • ALPK3
  • ANO5
  • CRYAB
  • DNAJC19
  • DOLK
  • DSC2
  • DSG2
  • EYA4
  • FHOD3
  • FKRP
  • FKTN
  • GAA
  • GATA4
  • GLB1
  • GYG1
  • HFE
  • JUP
  • LAMA2
  • LAMP2
  • MYBPHL
  • MYL2
  • MYOT
  • MYPN
  • NKX2-5
  • PPA2
  • PPCS
  • PRDM16
  • QRSL1
  • RYR2
  • SDHA
  • SGCD
  • SGCG
  • SLC22A5
  • SPEG
  • TAZ
  • TBX20
  • TCAP
  • TMEM43
  • TNNI3K
  • TRIM63
  • TTR
  • ZBTB17
  • ABCC9*
  • AKT1*
  • ANKRD1*
  • BRAF*
  • CALR3*
  • CASZ1*
  • CAV3*
  • CAVIN4*
  • CHRM2*
  • COL7A1*
  • CSRP3*
  • DNM1L*
  • DTNA*
  • FBXO32*
  • FHL1*
  • FHL2*
  • GATA5*
  • GATA6*
  • GATAD1*
  • GLA*
  • GSK3B*
  • IDH2*
  • ILK*
  • JARID2*
  • KCNJ2*
  • LAMA4*
  • LDB3*
  • LMOD2*
  • MEF2C*
  • MIB1*
  • MYH6*
  • MYL3*
  • NEBL*
  • NEXN*
  • NONO*
  • NRAP*
  • OBSCN*
  • OPA3*
  • PDLIM3*
  • PKD2*
  • PPP1R13L*
  • PRKAG2*
  • PSEN1*
  • PSEN2*
  • PTPN11*
  • RAF1*
  • RBM24*
  • SGCA*
  • SGCB*
  • SYNE1*
  • SYNE2*
  • TMOD1
  • TOR1AIP1*
  • TXNRD2*
  • VCL*
  • WISP1*
  • XK*

Priority Genes : Genes where there is sufficient evidence (clinical and functional) to consider them associated with the disease; they are included in the clinical practice guidelines.
Secondary Genes: Genes related to the disease, but with a lower level of evidence or that constitute sporadic cases.
* Candidate Genes: Not enough evidence in humans, but potentially associated with the disease.

Related panels
Cardiomyopathies General Panel [204 genes]

Panel that include dilated cardiomyopathy genes

Cardiomyopathies, Arrhythmias, and Sudden Death General Panel [251 genes]

Panel that include dilated cardiomyopathy genes

Cardiovascular Diseases General Panel [405 genes]

Panel that include dilated cardiomyopathy genes

References

  • Charron P, Arad M, Monserrat L, et al. Genetic counselling and testing in cardiomyopathies: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(22):2715-2728.
  • Rapezzi C, et al. Diagnostic work-up in cardiomyopathies: Bridging the gap between clinical phenotypes and final diagnosis. A position statement from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(19):1448-1458.
  • Hershberger RE, MD, Siegfried JD. Clinical and Genetic Issues in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J. Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 April 19; 57(16): 1641–1649.

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